Tag: storage

Integrate an Azure Storage Account with Active Directory

A customer with a Windows Virtual Desktop deployment needed access to several file shares for one of their applications. The integration of Azure Storage Accounts with Active Directory allows us to provide this functionality without having to deploy and maintain file services on a virtual machine.

A sketch of the environment looks something like this:

Azure File Share integration with Active Directory

Based on the sketch above, you should think about the requirements to make this work:

  • Clients that access the file share need to be joined to a domain. This can be an Azure Active Directory Domain Services (AADDS) managed domain or just plain old Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS). The steps to integrate the storage account with AADDS or AADS are different as we will see later. I will only look at ADDS integration via a PowerShell script. In this case, the WVD virtual machines are joined to ADDS and domain controllers are available on Azure.
  • Users that access the file share need to have an account in ADDS that is synced to Azure AD (AAD). This is required because users or groups are given share-level permissions at the storage account level to their AAD identity. The NTFS-level permissions are given to the ADDS identity. Since this is a Windows Virtual Desktop deployment, that is already the case.
  • You should think about how the clients (WVD here) connect to the file share. If you only need access from Azure subnets, then VNET Service Endpoints are a good choice. This will configure direct routing to the storage account in the subnet’s route table and also provides the necessary security as public access to the storage account is blocked. You could also use Private Link or just access the storage account via public access. I do not recommend the latter so either use service endpoints or private link.

Configuring the integration

In the configuration of the storage account, you will see the following options:

Storage account AD integration options

Integration with AADDS is just a click on Enabled. For ADDS integration however, you need to follow another procedure from a virtual machine that is joined to the ADDS domain.

On that virtual machine, log on with an account that can create a computer object in ADDS in an OU that you set in the script. For best results, the account you use should be synced to AAD and should have at least the Contributor role on the storage account.

Next, download the Microsoft provided scripts from here and unzip them in a folder like C:\scripts. You should have the following scripts and modules in there:

Scripts and PowerShell module for Azure Storage Account integration

Next, add a script to the folder with the following contents and replace the <PLACEHOLDERS>:

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Scope CurrentUser

.\CopyToPSPath.ps1 

Import-Module -Name AzFilesHybrid

Connect-AzAccount

$SubscriptionId = "<YOUR SUB ID>"
$ResourceGroupName = "<YOUR RESOURCE GROUP>"
$StorageAccountName = "<YOUR STORAGE ACCOUNT NAME>"

Select-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId $SubscriptionId 

Join-AzStorageAccountForAuth `
        -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName `
        -Name $StorageAccountName `
        -DomainAccountType "ComputerAccount" ` 
        -OrganizationalUnitName "<OU DISTINGUISHED NAME>

Debug-AzStorageAccountAuth -StorageAccountName $StorageAccountName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -Verbose

Run the script from the C:\scripts folder so it can execute CopyToPSPath.ps1 and import the AzFilesHybrid module. The Join-AzStorageAccountForAuth cmdlet does the actual work. When you are asked to rerun the script, do so!

The result of the above script should be a computer account in the OU that you chose. The computer account has the name of the storage account.

In the storage account configuration, you should see the following:

The blurred section will show the domain name

Now we can proceed to granting “share-level” access rights, similar to share-level rights on a Windows file server.

Granting share-level access

Navigate to the file share and click IAM. You will see the following:

IAM on the file share level

Use + Add to add AAD users or groups. You can use the following roles:

  • Storage File Data SMB Share Reader: read access
  • Storage File Data SMB Share Contributor: read, write and delete
  • Storage File Data SMB Share Elevated Contributor: read, write and delete + modify ACLs at the NTFS level

For example, if I needed to grant read rights to the group APP_READERS in ADDS, I would grant the Storage File Data SMB Share Reader role to the APP_READERS group in Azure AD (synced from ADDS).

Like on a Windows File Server, share permissions are not sufficient. Let’s add some good old NTFS rights…

Granting NTFS Access Rights

For a smooth experience, log on to a domain-joined machine with an ADDS account that is synced to an AAD account that has at least the Contributor role on the storage account.

To grant the NTFS right, map a drive with the storage account key. Use the following command:

net use <desired-drive-letter>: \\<storage-account-name>.file.core.windows.net\<share-name> /user:Azure\<storage-account-name> <storage-account-key>

Get the storage account key from here:

Storage account access keys

Now you can open the mapped drive in Explorer and set NTFS rights. Alternatively, you can use icacls.exe or other tools.

Mapping the drive for users

Now that the storage account is integrated with ADDS, a user can log on to a domain-joined machine and mount the share without having to provide credentials. As long as the user has the necessary share and NTFS rights, she can access the data.

Mapping the drive can be done in many ways but a simple net use Z: \\storageaccountname.file.core.windows.net\share will suffice.

Securing the connection

You should configure the storage account in such a way that it only allows access from selected clients. In this case, because the clients are Windows Virtual Desktops in a specific Azure subnet, we can use Virtual Network Service Endpoints. They can be easily configured from Firewalls and Virtual Networks:

Access from selected networks only: 3 subnets in this case

Granting access to specific subnets results in the configuration of virtual network service endpoints and a modification of the subnet route table with a direct route to the storage account on the Microsoft network. Note that you are still connecting to the public IP of the storage account.

If you decide to use Private Link instead, you would get a private IP in your subnet that is mapped to the storage account. In that case, even on-premises clients could connect to the storage account over the VPN or ExpressRoute private peerings. Of course, using private link would require extra DNS configuration as well.

Some extra notes

  • when you cannot configure the integration with the PowerShell script, follow the steps to enable the integration manually; do not forget the set the Kerberos password properly
  • it is recommended to put the AD computer accounts that represent the storage accounts in a separate OU; enable a Group Policy on that OU that prevents password resets on the computer accounts

Conclusion

Although there is some work to be done upfront and there are requirements such as Azure AD and Azure AD Connect, using an Azure Storage Account to host Active Directory integrated file shares is recommended. Remember that it works with both AADDS and ADDS. In this post, we looked at ADDS only and integration via the Microsoft-provided PowerShell scripts.

AKS Managed Pod Identity and access to Azure Storage

When you need to access Azure Storage (or other Azure resources) from a container in AKS (Kubernetes on Azure), you have many options. You can put credentials in your code (nooooo!), pass credentials via environment variables, use Kubernetes secrets, obtain secrets from Key Vault and so on. Usually, the credentials are keys but you can also connect to a Storage Account with an Azure AD account. Instead of a regular account, you can use a managed identity that you set up specifically for the purpose of accessing the storage account or a specific container.

A managed identity is created as an Azure resource and will appear in the resource group where it was created:

User assigned managed identity

This managed identity can be created from the Azure Portal but also with the Azure CLI:

az identity create -g storage-aad-rg -n demo-pod-id -o json

The managed identity can subsequently be granted access rights, for instance, on a storage account. Storage accounts now also support Azure AD accounts (in preview). You can assign roles such as Blob Data Reader, Blob Data Contributor and Blob Data Owner. The screenshot below shows the managed identity getting the Blob Data Reader role on the entire storage account:

Granting the managed identity access to a storage account

When you want to use this specific identity from a Kubernetes pod, you can use the aad-pod-identity project. Note that this is an open source project and that it is not quite finished. The project’s README contains all the instructions you need but here are the highlights:

  • Deploy the infrastructure required to support managed identities in pods; these are the MIC and NMI containers plus some custom resource definitions (CRDs)
  • Assign the AKS service principle the role of Managed Identity Operator over the scope of the managed identity created above (you would use the resource id of the managed identity in the scope such as  /subscriptions/YOURSUBID/resourcegroups/YOURRESOURCEGROUP/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/YOURMANAGEDIDENTITY
  • Define the pod identity via the AzureIdentity custom resource definition (CRD); in the YAML file you will refer to the managed identity by its resource id (/subscr…) and client id
  • Define the identity binding via the AzureIdentityBinding custom resource definition (CRD); in the YAML file you will setup a selector that you will use later in a pod definition to associate the managed identity with the pod; I defined a selector called myapp

Here is the identity definition (uses one of the CRDs defined earlier):

apiVersion: "aadpodidentity.k8s.io/v1"
kind: AzureIdentity
metadata:
   name: aks-pod-id
spec:
  type: 0
  ResourceID:  /subscriptions/SUBID/resourcegroups/RESOURCEGROUP/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/demo-pod-id
   ClientID: c35040d0-f73c-4c4e-a376-9bb1c5532fda

And here is the binding that defines the selector (other CRD defined earlier):

apiVersion: "aadpodidentity.k8s.io/v1"
kind: AzureIdentityBinding
metadata:
  name: aad-identity-binding
spec:
  AzureIdentity: aks-pod-id
  Selector: myapp

Note that the installation of the infrastructure containers depends on RBAC being enabled or not. To check if RBAC is enabled on your AKS cluster, you can use https://resources.azure.com and search for your cluster. Check for the enableRBAC. In my cluster, RBAC was enabled:

Yep, RBAC enabled so make sure you use the RBAC YAML files

With everything configured, we can spin up a container with a label that matches the selector defined earlier:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: ubuntu
  labels:
    aadpodidbinding: myapp
spec:
  containers:
    name: ubuntu
    image: ubuntu:latest
    command: [ "/bin/bash", "-c", "--"]
    args: [ "while true; do sleep 30; done;"]

Save the above to a file called ubuntu.yaml and use kubectl apply -f ubuntu.yaml to launch the pod. The pod will keep running because of the forever while loop. The pod can use the managed identity because of the aadpodidbinding label of myapp. Next, get a shell to the container:

kubectl exec -it ubuntu /bin/bash

To check if it works, we have to know how to obtain an access token (which is a JWT or JSON Web Token). We can obtain it via curl. First use apt-get update and then use apt-get install curl to install it. Then issue the following command to obtain a token for https://azure.storage.com:

curl 'http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=2018-02-01&resource=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage.azure.com%2F' -H Metadata:true -s

TIP: if you are not very familiar with curl, use https://curlbuilder.com. As a precaution, do not paste your access token in the command builder.

The request to 169.254.169.254 goes to the Azure Instance Metadata Service which provides, among other things, an API to obtain a token. The result will be in the following form:

{"access_token":"THE ACTUAL ACCESS TOKEN","refresh_token":"", "expires_in":"28800","expires_on":"1549083688","not_before":"1549054588","resource":"https://storage.azure.com/","token_type":"Bearer"

Note that many of the SDKs that Microsoft provides, have support for managed identities baked in. That means that the SDK takes care of calling the Instance Metadata Service for you and presents you a token to use in subsequent calls to Azure APIs.

Now that you have the access token, you can use it in a request to the storage account, for instance to list containers:

curl -XGET -H 'Authorization: Bearer THE ACTUAL ACCESS TOKEN' -H 'x-ms-version: 2017-11-09' -H "Content-type: application/json" 'https://storageaadgeba.blob.core.windows.net/?comp=list

The result of the call is some XML with the container names. I only had a container called test:

OMG… XML

Wrap up

You have seen how to bind an Azure managed identity to a Kubernetes pod running on AKS. The aad-pod-identity project provides the necessary infrastructure and resources to bind the identity to a pod using a label in its YAML file. From there, you can work with the managed identity as you would on a virtual machine, calling the Instance Metadata Service to obtain the token (a JWT). Once you have the token, you can include it in REST calls to the Azure APIs by adding an authorization header. In this post we have used the storage APIs as an example.

Note that Microsoft has AKS Pod Identity marked as in development on the updates site. I am not aware if this is based on the aad-pod-identity project but it does mean that the feature will become an official part of AKS pretty soon!

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